A Review of Droplet Dynamics and Vaporization Modeling for Engineering Calculations

The present paper reviews the methodologies for representing the droplet motion and vaporization history in two-phase flow computations. The focus is on the use of droplet models that are realistic in terms of their efficient implementation in comprehensive spray simulations, representation of important physical processes, and applicability under a broad range of conditions. The methodologies available at present to simulate droplet motion in complex two-phase flows may be broadly classified into two categories. First one is based on the modified BBO equation. This approach is more comprehensive, but requires modifications and/or correlations at higher droplet Reynolds number. The second approach aims at developing correlations, using detailed numerical simulations or laboratory experiments, for the effects of flow nonuniformity and droplet relative acceleration on the instantaneous drag and lift coefficients. Recent advances made in the droplet vaporization models are also discussed. The advanced vaporization models include the effects of transient liquid heating, gasphase convection, and variable thermophysical properties. All of these models are discussed, and recommendations are made for their inclusion in comprehensive twophase computations.